Natural optimization algorithms in synthesis problems of built-in antennas of IoT devices (review)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272722030013

Keywords:

IoT, natural optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, firefly algorithm, annealing algorithm

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of using natural algorithms of optimization for the synthesis of IoT built-in antennas that operate in frequency bands of data transmission protocols, such as GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, GSM + EGSM, Bluetooth, UNII-1 (5150–5250 MHz), UNII-2 (5250–5350 MHz), UNII-2 extended (5470–5725 MHz) and UNII-3 (5725–5825 MHz), WLAN 2.4–2.48 GHz, WiMAX 3.2–3.6 GHz, and WLAN 3.6 GHz. This review deals with the analysis of successful strategies of antenna synthesis for devices with built-in antennas. Such strategies include the principle of antenna geometry design, adjustment of optimization algorithms and building of goal function. The synthesis of IoT built-in antennas involves the use of genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, firefly algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm.

References

  1. Y. Rahmat-Samii, E. Michielssen, Electromagnetic Optimization by Genetic Algorithms. J. Wiley, 1999, uri: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Electromagnetic+Optimization+by+Genetic+Algorithms-p-9780471295457.
  2. J. M. Johnson, V. Rahmat-Samii, “Genetic algorithms in engineering electromagnetics,” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 7–21, 1997, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/74.632992.
  3. A. Banks, J. Vincent, C. Anyakoha, “A review of particle swarm optimization. Part I: background and development,” Nat. Comput., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 467–484, 2007, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-007-9049-5.
  4. A. Banks, J. Vincent, C. Anyakoha, “A review of particle swarm optimization. Part II: hybridisation, combinatorial, multicriteria and constrained optimization, and indicative applications,” Nat. Comput., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 109–124, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-007-9050-z.
  5. D. O. Vasylenko, S. Y. Martynyuk, “Particle swarm optimization of the tapered slot antenna for wideband scanning E-plane linear array,” Radioelectron. Commun. Syst., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 11–16, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272715010021.
  6. F. F. Dubrovka, D. O. Vasylenko, “Synthesis of UWB planar antennas by means of natural optimization algorithms,” Radioelectron. Commun. Syst., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 167–178, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272709040013.
  7. O. A. Saraereh, A. A. Al Saraira, Q. H. Alsafasfeh, A. Arfoa, “Bio-inspired algorithms applied on microstrip patch antennas: a review,” Int. J. Commun. Antenna Propag., vol. 6, no. 6, p. 336, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v6i6.9737.
  8. S. Y. Martynyuk, D. O. Vasylenko, F. F. Dubrovka, A. G. Laush, “A novel dual band microstrip antenna array for receiving of satellite navigational signals GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO,” in 2015 International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT), 2015, pp. 1–5, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICATT.2015.7136781.
  9. S. K. Goudos, C. Kalialakis, R. Mittra, “Evolutionary algorithms applied to antennas and propagation: a review of state of the art,” Int. J. Antennas Propag., vol. 2016, pp. 1–12, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1010459.
  10. Y. Rahmat-Samii, J. M. Kovitz, H. Rajagopalan, “Nature-inspired optimization techniques in communication antenna designs,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 100, no. 7, pp. 2132–2144, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2012.2188489.
  11. D. O. Vasylenko, P. Edenhofer, F. F. Dubrovka, “Genetic algorithm based inversion of neural networks applied to optimised design of UWB planar antennas,” Electron. Lett., vol. 44, no. 3, p. 177, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20083395.
  12. D. H. Wolpert, W. G. Macready, “No free lunch theorems for optimization,” IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 67–82, 1997, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.585893.
  13. Y. C. Ho, D. L. Pepyne, “Simple explanation of the no-free-lunch theorem and its implications,” J. Optim. Theory Appl., vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 549–570, 2002, doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021251113462.
  14. J. B. Odili, A. Noraziah, R. Ambar, M. H. A. Wahab, “A critical review of major nature-inspired optimization algorithms,” in The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (EPSTEM), 2018, pp. 376–394, uri: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Critical-Review-of-Major-Nature-Inspired-Odili-Noraziah.
  15. J. H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1975.
  16. J. M. J. W. Jayasinghe, J. Anguera, D. N. Uduwawala, A. Andújar, “Nonuniform overlapping method in designing microstrip patch antennas using genetic algorithm optimization,” Int. J. Antennas Propag., vol. 2015, pp. 1–8, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/805820.
  17. J. W. Jayasinghe, D. N. Uduwawala, “A novel miniature multi-frequency broadband patch antenna for WLAN applications,” in 2013 IEEE 8th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2013, pp. 361–363, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIInfS.2013.6732010.
  18. L. Zhang, X. Wang, S. He, “Topology optimization of antenna for maximum bandwidth design,” in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM), 2019, pp. 1–3, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPEM.2019.8779201.
  19. R. O. Ouedraogo, J. Tang, K. Fuchi, E. J. Rothwell, A. R. Diaz, P. Chahal, “A tunable dual-band miniaturized monopole antenna for compact wireless devices,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 1247–1250, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2014.2332752.
  20. S. Arianos, J. L. A. Quijano, G. Dassano, F. Vipiana, M. Orefice, G. Vecchi, “Automated design and experimental validation of a reconfigurable, board-mounted compact antenna,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 589–592, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2016.2591326.
  21. J. L. Araque Quijano, G. Vecchi, “Optimization of a compact frequency- and environment-reconfigurable antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2682–2689, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2194634.
  22. D. Lu, L. Wang, E. Yang, G. Wang, “Design of high-isolation wideband dual-polarized compact MIMO antennas with multiobjective optimization,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 1522–1527, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2017.2784446.
  23. D. Ding, G. Wang, L. Wang, “High‐efficiency scheme and optimisation technique for design of fragment‐type isolation structure between multiple‐input and multiple‐output antennas,” IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 933–939, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2014.0742.
  24. D. Masotti, A. Costanzo, M. Del Prete, V. Rizzoli, “Genetic‐based design of a tetra‐band high‐efficiency radio‐frequency energy harvesting system,” IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., vol. 7, no. 15, pp. 1254–1263, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2013.0056.
  25. J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” in Proceedings of ICNN’95 - International Conference on Neural Networks, 1995, vol. 4, pp. 1942–1948, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968.
  26. I. C. Trelea, “The particle swarm optimization algorithm: convergence analysis and parameter selection,” Inf. Process. Lett., vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 317–325, 2003, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-0190(02)00447-7.
  27. S. Y. Martynyuk, D. O. Vasylenko, F. F. Dubrovka, A. G. Laush, “Novel microstrip antenna array for anti-jam satellite navigation system,” Radioelectron. Commun. Syst., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 97–106, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272715030012.
  28. Z. Bangda, G. Junping, J. Ronghong, L. Xianling, Y. Sheng, “The optimal design of patch antennas with smooth border,” in 2010 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2010, pp. 1–4, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2010.5464863.
  29. M.-C. Chang, W.-C. Weng, “A broadband circularly polarized polygon slot antenna design by particle swarm optimization,” in 2016 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), 2016, pp. 91–92, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAP.2016.7843114.
  30. N. T. Hung, H. Morishita, K. Izui, S. Nishiwaki, Y. Koyanagi, “Dimension optimization on mutual coupling reduction between two L-shaped folded monopole antennas for handset using PSO,” in 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2012, pp. 1925–1928, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCAP.2012.6206171.
  31. T. H. Nguyen, H. Morishita, Y. Koyanagi, K. Izui, S. Nishiwaki, “A multi-level optimization method using PSO for the optimal design of an L-shaped folded monopole antenna array,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 206–215, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2013.2288785.
  32. G. Venter, J. Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, “Particle swarm optimization,” AIAA J., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1583–1589, 2003, doi: https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2111.
  33. C. Lin, F.-S. Zhang, K. Dong, Y.-C. Jiao, “Design of a modified monopole antenna using PSO based on FEKO for wireless communications,” in 2010 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2010, pp. 1070–1073, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMMT.2010.5525107.
  34. Z. Li, K. Gong, “Design of a printed monopole antenna for dualband WLAN application using PSO,” in 2006 7th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory, 2006, pp. 1–4, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAPE.2006.353472.
  35. P. K. Vishnukanth, S. Raghavan, “Design of an optimal G-shaped monopole antenna using particle swarm optimization,” in 2008 38th European Microwave Conference, 2008, pp. 389–392, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMC.2008.4751470.
  36. Z. Ma, V. Volski, G. A. E. Vandenbosch, “Optimal design of a highly compact low-cost and strongly coupled 4 element array for WLAN,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1061–1065, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2010.2103029.
  37. A. A. Minasian, T. S. Bird, “Particle swarm optimization of microstrip antennas for wireless communication systems,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 6214–6217, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2013.2281517.
  38. A. A. Minasian, T. S. Bird, J. Atai, “Particle swarm antennas for wireless communication systems,” in Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2011, uri: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5782573.
  39. X.-S. Yang, Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms, 2nd ed. Luniver Press, 2010, uri: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235979455_Nature-Inspired_Metaheuristic_Algorithms.
  40. Y. Mo, Y. Ma, Q. Zheng, “Optimal choice of parameters for firefly algorithm,” in 2013 Fourth International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation, 2013, pp. 887–892, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDMA.2013.210.
  41. A. Chatterjee, G. K. Mahanti, A. Chatterjee, “Design of a fully digital controlled reconfigurable switched beam concentric ring array antenna using firefly and particle swarm optimization algorithm,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. B, vol. 36, pp. 113–131, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB11083005.
  42. E. Yoshimoto, M. V. T. Heckler, “Optimization of planar antenna arrays using the firefly algorithm,” J. Microwaves, Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 126–140, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742019v18i11646.
  43. A. B. Sahoo, S. K. Jha, M. R. Jena, S. K. Mohanty, “Optimization of circular patch antenna at 5GHz using firefly algorithm,” in 2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, 2015, pp. 64–67, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/CSNT.2015.79.
  44. M. Pincus, “Letter to the editor—a Monte Carlo method for the approximate solution of certain types of constrained optimization problems,” Oper. Res., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1225–1228, 1970, doi: https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.18.6.1225.
  45. S. S. Rao, Engineering Optimization Theory and Practice. Wiley, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119454816.
  46. J. Martinez-Fernandez, J. M. Gil, J. Zapata, “Ultrawideband optimized profile monopole antenna by means of simulated annealing algorithm and the finite element method,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1826–1832, 2007, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2007.898593.
  47. L. Guo, Z. Yao, “A dual-layer microstrip patch antenna with stub designed by simulated annealing algorithm for circular polarization,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. M, vol. 85, pp. 155–164, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERM19071805.
Dimensions of optimized antenna in comparison with a 10-cent coin

Downloads

Published

2022-03-25

Issue

Vol. 65 No. 3 (2022)

Section

Review Articles