Robust scene-based digital video watermarking scheme using level-3 DWT: Approach, evaluation, and experimentation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272718010016Keywords:
DWT, video watermarking, successive estimation of statistical measure, subband, scene change detectorAbstract
This paper presents a robust digital video-watermarking system for copyright and copy protection. The proposed method applies the combination of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and scene-change-detector. For better understanding, this approach can be presented in the form of four stages. The first stage is finding the frame where the watermark is to be inserted. The analysis of watermarking using the level-3 decomposition of LL subband with DWT is described in the second stage. Transparency and the robustness have been analyzed under fifteen different attacks in the third stage. Improvement in the robustness and transparency, as compare to watermarking using different levels of LL subband is calculated in terms of the normalized correlation and the structural similarity index in the fourth stage. The experimental result reveal that the proposed method yields the extracted watermark image and watermarked video of good quality and can sustain different image processing, JPEG compression and geometrical attacks. Empirical results prove the improvement in the performance as the decomposition level increases from level-1 to level-3. Comparative analysis with the existing schemes proves the improved robustness, better imperceptibility and the reduced computational time of the proposed scheme.References
Copyright. URI: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright.
CHUNG, Yuk Ying; XU, Fang Fei. A secure digital watermarking scheme for MPEG-2 video copyright protection. Proc. of Int. Conf. on Video and Signal Based Surveillance, AVSS’06, 22-24 Nov. 2006, Sydney, Australia. IEEE, 2006, p.84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2006.12.
TIWARI, A.; SHARMA, M. Novel watermarking scheme for image authentication using vector quantization approach. Radioelectron. Commun. Syst., v.60, n.4, p.161-172, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0735272717040021.
KIM, Y.-W.; MOON, K.-A.; OH, I.-S. A text watermarking algorithm based on word classification and inter-word space statistics. Proc. of Seventh Int. Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, 6 Aug. 2003, Edinburgh, UK. IEEE, 2003, p.775-779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDAR.2003.1227767.
XUEHUA, J. Digital watermarking and its application in image copyright protection. Proc. of Int. Conf. on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, ICICTA, 11-12 May 2010, Changsha, China. IEEE, 2010, p.114-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICTA.2010.625.
LEE, Y.-Y.; PARK, S.-U.; KIM, C.-S.; LEE, S.-U. Temporal feature modulation for video watermarking. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., v.19, n.4, p.603-608, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2014011.
WANG, C.-X.; NIE, X.; WAN, X.; WAN, W.B.; CHAO, F. A blind video watermarking scheme based on DWT. Proc. of Fifth Int. Conf. on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 12-14 Sept. 2009, Kyoto, Japan. IEEE, 2009, p.434-437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IIH-MSP.2009.29.
THANGADURAI, K.; DEVI, G. Sudha. An analysis of LSB based image steganography techniques. Proc. of Int. Conf. on Computer Communication and Informatics, ICCCI, 3-5 Jan. 2014, Coimbatore, India. IEEE, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCI.2014.6921751.
MASOUMI, Majid; AMIRI, Shervin. A high capacity digital watermarking scheme for copyright protection of video data based on YCbCr color channels invariant to geometric and non-geometric attacks. Int. J. Computer Applications, v.51, n.13, p.13-20, Aug. 2012. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5120/8101-1693.
ASIKUZZAMAN, M.; ALAM, M.J.; LAMBERT, A.J.; PICKERING, M.R. A blind digital video watermarking scheme with enhanced robustness to geometric distortion. Proc. of Int. Conf. on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications, DICTA, 3-5 Dec. 2012, Fremantle, WA, Australia. IEEE, 2012, p.1-8. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5120/8101-1693.
SINGH, Th. Rupachandra; SINGH, Kh. Manglem; ROY, Sudipta. Robust video watermarking scheme based on visual cryptography. Proc. of World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, WICT, 30 Oct.-2 Nov. 2012, Trivandrum, India. IEEE, 2012, p.872-877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/WICT.2012.6409198.
LIU, Yan; ZHAO, Jiying. A new video watermarking algorithm based on 1D DFT and Radon transform. Signal Processing, v.90, n.2, p.626-639, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.08.001.
MASOUMI, M.; AMIRI, Shervin. A blind scene-based watermarking for video copyright protection. AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun., v.67, n.6, p.528-535, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2012.11.009.
WASSERMANN, Jakob. New robust video watermarking techniques based on DWT transform and spread spectrum of basis images of 2D Hadamard transform. Proc. of Int. Conf. on Multimedia Communications, Services and Security. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013, p.298-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38559-9_26.
SINGH, Th. Rupachandra; SINGH, Kh. Manglem; ROY, Sudipta. Video watermarking scheme based on visual cryptography and scene change detection. AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun., v.67, n.8, p.645-651, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2013.01.008.
KO, Chien-Chuan; KUO, Yung-Lung; HSU, Jeng-Muh; YANG, Bo-Zhi. A multi-resolution video watermarking scheme integrated with feature detection. J. Chinese Institute Engineers, v.36, n.7, p.878-889, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2012.747057.
ZHU, X.; DING, J.; DONG, H.; HU, K.; ZHANG, X. Normalized correlation-based quantization modulation for robust watermarking. IEEE Trans. Multimedia, v.16, n.7, p.1888-1904, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2014.2340695.
AGARWAL, Charu; MISHRA, Anurag; SHARMA, Arpita; CHETTY, Girija. A novel scene based robust video watermarking scheme in DWT domain using extreme learning machine. In Extreme Learning Machines 2013: Algorithms and Applications, v.16, p.209-225. Springer International Publishing, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04741-6_15.
VENUGOPALA, P.S.; SAROJADEVI, H.; CHIPLUNKAR, Niranjan N.; BHAT, Vani. Video watermarking by adjusting the pixel values and using scene change detection. Proc. of Fifth Int. Conf. on Signal and Image Processing, ICSIP, 8-10 Jan. 2014, Bangalore, India, South Korea. IEEE, 2014, p.259-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSIP.2014.47.
KELKOUL, H.; ZAZ, Y. Digital cinema watermarking state of art and comparison. Int. J. Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control Inf. Eng., v.11, n.2, p.287-292, 2017. URI: http://scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10006722.
SHUKLA, D.; SHARMA, M. A novel scene-based video watermarking scheme for Copyright Protection. J. Intelligent Syst., p.1-20, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0039.
ADHIKARI, P.; GARGOTE, N.; DIGGE, J.; HOGADE, B.G. Abrupt scene change detection. Int. J. Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control Inf. Eng., v.2, n.6, p.1-6, 2008. URI: http://scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/9318.
LEELAVATHY, N.; PRASAD, E.V.; KUMAR, S.S. A scene based video watermarking in discrete multiwavelet domain. Int. J. Multidisciplinary Sci. Eng., v.3, n.7, p.12-16, 2012. URI: http://www.ijmse.org/Volume3/Issue7/paper3.pdf.
SHUKLA, D.; SHARMA, M. Performance evaluation of video watermarking system using discrete wavelet transform for four subbands. Proc. of Int. Conf. on Cyber Security, ICCS, 13-14 Aug. 2016, Kota, India. Rajasthan Technical University, 2016.
